{"id":130464,"date":"2022-04-13T18:00:05","date_gmt":"2022-04-13T22:00:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/brainstation.io\/?post_type=codex-reference&#038;p=130464"},"modified":"2025-02-04T14:39:55","modified_gmt":"2025-02-04T19:39:55","slug":"reference","status":"publish","type":"codex-reference","link":"https:\/\/brainstation.io\/learn\/sql\/reference","title":{"rendered":"Reference"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<header class=\"wp-block-bstn-blocks-hero-simple bstn-blocks-hero-simple\"><div class=\"bstn-blocks-hero-simple__full-width-wrapper bstn-blocks-hero-simple__full-width-wrapper--main bstn-blocks-hero-simple__full-width-wrapper--bg-flair\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 1140 621\" fill=\"none\" class=\"bstn-blocks-hero-simple__bg-flair--rich\"><g opacity=\"0.55\"><path stroke=\"#3C4556\" strokelinecap=\"square\" d=\"M60.026 736.434V203.02\"><\/path><path stroke=\"#3C4556\" strokelinecap=\"square\" d=\"M60.364 436.132L-120 436.131l180.364.001zm0-99.873H-120 60.364zm0-99.872H-120 60.364zM128 536.004h-248 248z\" cliprule=\"evenodd\"><\/path><path fill=\"#3C4556\" fillrule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M57.518 535.982a2.286 2.286 0 114.572 0 2.286 2.286 0 01-4.572 0zm0-99.836a2.286 2.286 0 114.572-.002 2.286 2.286 0 01-4.572.002zm0-99.837a2.286 2.286 0 114.572-.002 2.286 2.286 0 01-4.572.002zm0-99.837a2.286 2.286 0 114.572-.002 2.286 2.286 0 01-4.572.002z\" cliprule=\"evenodd\"><\/path><\/g><g opacity=\"0.55\"><path stroke=\"#3C4556\" strokelinecap=\"square\" d=\"M979.195-28.206V397.98m81.185-524.745V397.98\"><\/path><path stroke=\"#3C4556\" strokelinecap=\"square\" d=\"M1141.45 168.46H964h177.45zm0 98.334H964h177.45zm0 98.333H964h177.45zm66.55-295H964h244z\" cliprule=\"evenodd\"><\/path><path fill=\"#3C4556\" fillrule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M1138.66 70.148a2.244 2.244 0 104.49 0 2.246 2.246 0 10-4.49-.001zm-80.21 0c0 1.243 1.01 2.251 2.25 2.251s2.25-1.008 2.25-2.251c0-1.243-1.01-2.251-2.25-2.251s-2.25 1.008-2.25 2.25zm-81.707 0a2.25 2.25 0 104.5.004 2.25 2.25 0 00-4.5-.005zm81.707 98.299a2.252 2.252 0 002.25 2.251 2.252 2.252 0 000-4.503 2.253 2.253 0 00-2.25 2.252zm-81.707 0a2.25 2.25 0 104.498 0 2.25 2.25 0 00-2.249-2.252 2.25 2.25 0 00-2.249 2.252zm161.917-.001a2.244 2.244 0 104.49 0 2.246 2.246 0 10-4.49 0zm0 98.299a2.244 2.244 0 104.49 0 2.246 2.246 0 10-4.49 0zm-80.21 0c0 1.243 1.01 2.251 2.25 2.251s2.25-1.008 2.25-2.251c0-1.243-1.01-2.251-2.25-2.251s-2.25 1.008-2.25 2.251zm-81.707 0a2.25 2.25 0 104.5.002 2.25 2.25 0 00-4.5-.002zm81.707 98.299c0 1.243 1.01 2.251 2.25 2.251s2.25-1.008 2.25-2.251c0-1.243-1.01-2.251-2.25-2.251s-2.25 1.008-2.25 2.251zm-81.707 0a2.25 2.25 0 104.5.002 2.25 2.25 0 00-4.5-.002zm161.917 0a2.244 2.244 0 104.49 0 2.246 2.246 0 10-4.49 0z\" cliprule=\"evenodd\"><\/path><\/g><\/svg><div class=\"bstn-blocks-hero-simple__container\"><div class=\"bstn-blocks-hero-simple__copy-container\"><div class=\"bstn-blocks-hero-simple__subtitle-wrapper\"><p class=\"bstn-blocks-hero-simple__subtitle\">SQL Tutorial<\/p><\/div><h1 class=\"bstn-blocks-hero-simple__title\">SQL Reference Guide<\/h1><p class=\"bstn-blocks-hero-simple__description\"><meta charset=\"utf-8\">Learn more about SQL, a standard language for interacting with databases and storing, manipulating, and retrieving data from databases.<br><br><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/brainstation.io\/learn\/sql\/\" target=\"_blank\">Go hands-on with SQL in our free interactive SQL tutorial.<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"bstn-blocks-hero-simple__image-container\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/header>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-1 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:75%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-bstn-blocks-heading bstn-blocks-heading bstn-blocks-heading--h3 bstn-blocks-heading--mt-0 has-text-align-left\"><h2 class=\"bstn-blocks-heading__heading-element\">About the BrainStation SQL Reference Guide<\/h2><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-bstn-paragraph-documentation-body\">If you\u2019re a beginner looking to get started learning SQL, this reference guide is designed to help you master the terminology and key syntax to get started. Along with BrainStation\u2019s free interactive SQL tutorial, this reference material should help you get a grasp on the fundamentals of the SQL language before you gain practice working hands-on with SQL.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-bstn-paragraph-documentation-body\">This reference guide will provide an introduction to SQL for beginners, with an overview of key SQL syntax, concepts, and terminology.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Introduction to SQL<\/strong><br>Find out what you should learn to get started with SQL.<ul><li>SQL Basics &#8211; <a href=\"http:\/\/brainstation.io\/learn\/sql\/basics\">brainstation.io\/learn\/sql\/basics<\/a><\/li><li>SQL Syntax &#8211; <a href=\"http:\/\/brainstation.io\/learn\/sql\/syntax\">brainstation.io\/learn\/sql\/syntax<\/a><\/li><li>SQL Commands &#8211; <a href=\"http:\/\/brainstation.io\/learn\/sql\/commands\">brainstation.io\/learn\/sql\/commands<\/a><\/li><li>SQL Naming Conventions &#8211; <a href=\"http:\/\/brainstation.io\/learn\/sql\/naming-conventions\">brainstation.io\/learn\/sql\/naming-conventions<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>SQL Statements&nbsp;<\/strong><br>Learn more about statements, the foundational building blocks of SQL.<ul><li>What is a SQL Statement? &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/brainstation.io\/learn\/sql\/what-is-a-sql-statement\">brainstation.io\/learn\/sql\/what-is-a-sql-statement<\/a><\/li><li>SQL SELECT &#8211; <a href=\"http:\/\/brainstation.io\/learn\/sql\/select\">brainstation.io\/learn\/sql\/select<\/a><\/li><li>SQL SELECT DISTINCT &#8211; <a href=\"http:\/\/brainstation.io\/learn\/sql\/select-distinct\">brainstation.io\/learn\/sql\/select-distinct<\/a><\/li><li>SQL SELECT TOP &#8211; <a href=\"http:\/\/brainstation.io\/learn\/sql\/select-top\">brainstation.io\/learn\/sql\/select-top<\/a><\/li><li>SQL INSERT INTO &#8211; <a href=\"http:\/\/brainstation.io\/learn\/sql\/insert-into\">brainstation.io\/learn\/sql\/insert-into<\/a><\/li><li>SQL INSERT INTO SELECT &#8211; <a href=\"http:\/\/brainstation.io\/learn\/sql\/insert-into-select\">brainstation.io\/learn\/sql\/insert-into-select<\/a><\/li><li>SQL SELECT INTO &#8211; <a href=\"http:\/\/brainstation.io\/learn\/sql\/select-into\">brainstation.io\/learn\/sql\/select-into<\/a><\/li><li>SQL UPDATE- <a href=\"http:\/\/brainstation.io\/learn\/sql\/update\">brainstation.io\/learn\/sql\/update<\/a><\/li><li>SQL DELETE &#8211; <a href=\"http:\/\/brainstation.io\/learn\/sql\/delete\">brainstation.io\/learn\/sql\/delete<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>SQL Clauses&nbsp;<\/strong><br>Explore how to use clauses in SQL to modify statements and change their behavior.<ul><li>SQL Clause &#8211; <a href=\"http:\/\/brainstation.io\/learn\/sql\/clause\">brainstation.io\/learn\/sql\/clause<\/a><\/li><li>SQL WHERE &#8211; <a href=\"http:\/\/brainstation.io\/learn\/sql\/where\">brainstation.io\/learn\/sql\/where<\/a><\/li><li>SQL ORDER BY &#8211; <a href=\"http:\/\/brainstation.io\/learn\/sql\/order-by\">brainstation.io\/learn\/sql\/order-by<\/a><\/li><li>SQL LIMIT &#8211; <a href=\"http:\/\/brainstation.io\/learn\/sql\/limit\">brainstation.io\/learn\/sql\/limit<\/a><\/li><li>SQL GROUP BY &#8211; <a href=\"http:\/\/brainstation.io\/learn\/sql\/group-by\">brainstation.io\/learn\/sql\/group-by<\/a><\/li><li>SQL HAVING &#8211; <a href=\"http:\/\/brainstation.io\/learn\/sql\/having\">brainstation.io\/learn\/sql\/having<\/a><\/li><li>SQL UNION &#8211; <a href=\"http:\/\/brainstation.io\/learn\/sql\/union\">brainstation.io\/learn\/sql\/union<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:25%\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-bstn-blocks-content-navigation-footer bstn-blocks-content-nav-footer\"><div class=\"bstn-blocks-content-nav-footer__links-container\"><div class=\"bstn-blocks-content-nav-footer__link-container\"><\/div><div class=\"bstn-blocks-content-nav-footer__link-container\"><p class=\"bstn-blocks-content-nav-footer__link-title\">Next<\/p><a class=\"bstn-blocks-content-nav-footer__link\" href=\"https:\/\/brainstation.io\/learn\/sql\/basics\"><span class=\"bstn-blocks-content-nav-footer__link-text\">SQL Basics<\/span><span class=\"bstn-blocks-content-nav-footer__link-icon-wrapper bstn-blocks-content-nav-footer__link-icon-wrapper--right\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 18 18\" fill=\"none\" class=\"bstn-blocks-content-nav-footer__link-icon bstn-blocks-content-nav-footer__link-icon--right\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M6.345 12.743a1 1 0 001.31 1.511l5.477-4.749a1 1 0 000-1.511l-5.477-4.75a1.001 1.001 0 00-1.31 1.512l4.606 3.993-4.606 3.994z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-bstn-blocks-container bstn-blocks-container bstn-blocks-container--dark-blue bstn-blocks-container--64 bstn-blocks-container--negative-container bstn-blocks-container--overflow-hidden\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 1140 621\" fill=\"none\" class=\"bstn-blocks-container__bg-flair\"><g opacity=\"0.55\"><path stroke=\"#3C4556\" strokelinecap=\"square\" d=\"M60.026 736.434V203.02\"><\/path><path stroke=\"#3C4556\" strokelinecap=\"square\" d=\"M60.364 436.132L-120 436.131l180.364.001zm0-99.873H-120 60.364zm0-99.872H-120 60.364zM128 536.004h-248 248z\" cliprule=\"evenodd\"><\/path><path fill=\"#3C4556\" fillrule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M57.518 535.982a2.286 2.286 0 114.572 0 2.286 2.286 0 01-4.572 0zm0-99.836a2.286 2.286 0 114.572-.002 2.286 2.286 0 01-4.572.002zm0-99.837a2.286 2.286 0 114.572-.002 2.286 2.286 0 01-4.572.002zm0-99.837a2.286 2.286 0 114.572-.002 2.286 2.286 0 01-4.572.002z\" cliprule=\"evenodd\"><\/path><\/g><g opacity=\"0.55\"><path stroke=\"#3C4556\" strokelinecap=\"square\" d=\"M979.195-28.206V397.98m81.185-524.745V397.98\"><\/path><path stroke=\"#3C4556\" strokelinecap=\"square\" d=\"M1141.45 168.46H964h177.45zm0 98.334H964h177.45zm0 98.333H964h177.45zm66.55-295H964h244z\" cliprule=\"evenodd\"><\/path><path fill=\"#3C4556\" fillrule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M1138.66 70.148a2.244 2.244 0 104.49 0 2.246 2.246 0 10-4.49-.001zm-80.21 0c0 1.243 1.01 2.251 2.25 2.251s2.25-1.008 2.25-2.251c0-1.243-1.01-2.251-2.25-2.251s-2.25 1.008-2.25 2.25zm-81.707 0a2.25 2.25 0 104.5.004 2.25 2.25 0 00-4.5-.005zm81.707 98.299a2.252 2.252 0 002.25 2.251 2.252 2.252 0 000-4.503 2.253 2.253 0 00-2.25 2.252zm-81.707 0a2.25 2.25 0 104.498 0 2.25 2.25 0 00-2.249-2.252 2.25 2.25 0 00-2.249 2.252zm161.917-.001a2.244 2.244 0 104.49 0 2.246 2.246 0 10-4.49 0zm0 98.299a2.244 2.244 0 104.49 0 2.246 2.246 0 10-4.49 0zm-80.21 0c0 1.243 1.01 2.251 2.25 2.251s2.25-1.008 2.25-2.251c0-1.243-1.01-2.251-2.25-2.251s-2.25 1.008-2.25 2.251zm-81.707 0a2.25 2.25 0 104.5.002 2.25 2.25 0 00-4.5-.002zm81.707 98.299c0 1.243 1.01 2.251 2.25 2.251s2.25-1.008 2.25-2.251c0-1.243-1.01-2.251-2.25-2.251s-2.25 1.008-2.25 2.251zm-81.707 0a2.25 2.25 0 104.5.002 2.25 2.25 0 00-4.5-.002zm161.917 0a2.244 2.244 0 104.49 0 2.246 2.246 0 10-4.49 0z\" cliprule=\"evenodd\"><\/path><\/g><\/svg><div class=\"bstn-blocks-container__wrapper bstn-blocks-container__wrapper--readable-width bstn-blocks-container__wrapper--negative-container\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-2 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-bstn-blocks-heading bstn-blocks-heading bstn-blocks-heading--h2 has-text-align-left bstn-blocks-heading--divider\"><h2 class=\"bstn-blocks-heading__heading-element\">Learn SQL Today<\/h2><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-bstn-paragraph-documentation-body\">Get hands-on experience writing code with interactive tutorials in our free online learning platform.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:16px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list is-style-kg-list-checklist-alternate\"><li>Free and fun<\/li><li>Designed for beginners<\/li><li>No downloads or setup required<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:16px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-bstn-button-primary\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link\" href=\"https:\/\/brainstation.io\/learn\/sql\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Get Started<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-video\"><video autoplay loop muted src=\"https:\/\/d3ghupt9z9s6o0.cloudfront.net\/app\/uploads\/2022\/04\/13110644\/SQL-promo-clip.mp4\" playsinline><\/video><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>If you\u2019re a beginner looking to get started learning SQL, this reference guide is designed to help you master the terminology and key syntax to get started. Along with BrainStation\u2019s free interactive SQL tutorial, this reference material should help you get a grasp on the fundamentals of the SQL language before you gain practice working [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"parent":130267,"menu_order":0,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-130464","codex-reference","type-codex-reference","status-publish","format-standard","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/brainstation.io\/wp\/api\/wp\/v2\/codex-reference\/130464","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/brainstation.io\/wp\/api\/wp\/v2\/codex-reference"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/brainstation.io\/wp\/api\/wp\/v2\/types\/codex-reference"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/brainstation.io\/wp\/api\/wp\/v2\/codex-reference\/130464\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":131349,"href":"https:\/\/brainstation.io\/wp\/api\/wp\/v2\/codex-reference\/130464\/revisions\/131349"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/brainstation.io\/wp\/api\/wp\/v2\/codex-reference\/130267"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/brainstation.io\/wp\/api\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=130464"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/brainstation.io\/wp\/api\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=130464"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/brainstation.io\/wp\/api\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=130464"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}